{"id":5393,"date":"2023-07-06T15:41:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T15:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.e-xpertsolutions.com\/?p=5393"},"modified":"2024-02-20T09:00:14","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T09:00:14","slug":"aws-connexion-a-une-instance-ec2-partie-1-les-cles-ssh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.e-xpertsolutions.com\/de\/aws-connexion-a-une-instance-ec2-partie-1-les-cles-ssh\/","title":{"rendered":"AWS Connexion \u00e0 une instance EC2 \u2013 Partie 1: Les Cl\u00e9s SSH"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Post Navigation Top” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||15px||false|false” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”height: 90px;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_code admin_label=”Menu Button” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”top_center” vertical_offset=”28px” z_index=”1″ width=”35px” custom_css_main_element=”font-size: 35px;” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/i><\/a>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=”on” module_class=”tmp-post-navigation tmp-post-navigation-top” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#000000″ title_font_size=”18px” positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”center_center” width=”100%” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” title_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” title_text_color__hover=”#F15D22″][\/et_pb_post_nav][et_pb_divider color=”#F15D22″ divider_position=”bottom” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_center” width=”100%” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_post_title meta=”off” featured_image=”off” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ header_text_color=”#F15D22″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9tape 1 : Cr\u00e9er une instance EC2<\/span><\/h1>\n

Pour cette m\u00e9thode, la premi\u00e8re chose \u00e0 faire consiste bien souvent \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer la paire de cl\u00e9s SSH qui va nous servir pour la connexion. Mais dans notre cas, AWS s\u2019occupe de tout, donc nous pouvons tout de suite passer \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019instance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lors de cette \u00e9tape, il faudra s\u00e9lectionner une paire de cl\u00e9s SSH, soit en choisissant une nouvelle paire g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par AWS, soit en utilisant une paire d\u00e9j\u00e0 existante, h\u00e9berg\u00e9e sur AWS.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.e-xpertsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/01-aws-select-key.png” title_text=”01-aws-select-key” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.e-xpertsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/02-aws-create-key.png” title_text=”02-aws-create-key” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|||||||” text_text_color=”#292929″ global_colors_info=”{}”]Je porte votre attention sur le fait que se sera votre seule et unique chance que configurer une paire de cl\u00e9s SSH via la console de management AWS. Cela sous-entend que si vous oubliez ou que vous vous trompez, il faudra utiliser une autre m\u00e9thode pour vous connecter \u00e0 votre instance ou d\u00e9truire l\u2019instance et la recr\u00e9er\u2026 Mais pas de panique, si aucune cl\u00e9 n\u2019est renseign\u00e9e au moment de cr\u00e9er l\u2019instance, par s\u00e9curit\u00e9 un pop-up vous demandera d\u2019en s\u00e9lectionner une ou de volontairement choisir l\u2019option de ne pas en utiliser.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.e-xpertsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/03aws-create-key-end.png” title_text=”03aws-create-key-end” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|||||||” text_text_color=”#292929″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Petit apart\u00e9<\/strong> : m\u00eame si depuis la console de management il n\u2019est plus possible d\u2019ajouter des cl\u00e9s SSH, en vous connectant sur votre instance vous pourrez toujours en ajouter\/retirer en allant voir dans le dossier \u201c~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\u201d, comme vous le feriez sur n\u2019importe quelle machine. Mais ce n\u2019est pas le sujet d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|||||||” text_text_color=”#292929″ header_text_color=”#F15D22″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9tape 2 : IP publique<\/h1>\n

Afin de pouvoir atteindre votre instance depuis le r\u00e9seau internet, il vous faudra d\u00e9ployer votre instance dans un subnet (sous-r\u00e9seau) publique et lui associer une IP publique.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.e-xpertsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/04auto-ip.png” title_text=”04auto-ip” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|||||||” text_text_color=”#292929″ header_text_color=”#F15D22″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9tape 3 : Autoriser la connexion SSH<\/h1>\n

Avant toute chose revenons sur la notion de \u201csecurity group\u201d. Ces derniers sont en quelque sorte des firewalls logiciel qui par d\u00e9faut bloque tout le trafic. Pour le configurer il faut choisir le port ou protocole que l\u2019on souhaite ouvrir, la source (plage d\u2019IPs) et \u00e7a pour le trafic entrant \u201cinbound\u201d et sortant \u201coutbound\u201d de votre instance.<\/p>\n

Sachant que lorsque rien n\u2019est sp\u00e9cifier, le trafic est bloqu\u00e9, il faut ouvrir le port 22 \u2013 SSH \u2013 pour le trafic entrant (inbound). Concernant la source, les bonnes pratiques sont de limiter la plage d\u2019IPs au maximum. Nous vous conseillons donc de mettre votre IP, ou le range de votre entreprise.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.e-xpertsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/05-sg-inbound.png” title_text=”05-sg-inbound” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ header_text_color=”#F15D22″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9tape 4 : Connexion<\/h1>\n

Une derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape est n\u00e9cessaire si vous utilisez une paire de cl\u00e9s fra\u00eechement g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e, il faut changer les permissions sur votre cl\u00e9 locale afin de s\u2019assurer qu\u2019elle ne soit pas publiquement visible. Pour se faire lancer la commande :<\/p>\n

chmod 400 <path\/to\/key.pem><\/pre>\n
Enfin, r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer l\u2019IP publique ou le DNS de la machine depuis la console de management, et lancer la connexion depuis votre client SSH pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n
ssh -i \u201c<path\/to\/key.pem>\u201d @ip<\/pre>\n
Le \u201cuser\u201d d\u00e9pend de l\u2019AMI utilis\u00e9 pour lancer l\u2019instance. Voici un tableau des principaux utilisateurs par d\u00e9faut:<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
AMI\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\nUtilisateur par d\u00e9faut<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amazon Linux 2023<\/span><\/p>\n
Amazon Linux 2<\/span><\/p>\n
Amazon Linux<\/span><\/td>\n
ec2-user<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CentOS<\/span><\/td>\ncentos<\/span> or <\/span>ec2-user<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Debian<\/span><\/td>\nadmin<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fedora<\/span><\/td>\nfedora<\/span> or <\/span>ec2-user<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RHEL<\/span><\/td>\nec2-user<\/span> or <\/span>root<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUSE<\/span><\/td>\nec2-user<\/span> or <\/span>root<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ubuntu<\/span><\/td>\nubuntu<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oracle<\/span><\/td>\nec2-user<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bitnami<\/span><\/td>\nbitnami<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Autre<\/span><\/td>\nVoir le fournisseur de l’AMI<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
 <\/p>\n
Bonus tip<\/span><\/h1>\n
Tout \u00e7a s\u2019est bien joli mais si la machine n\u2019est pas expos\u00e9e sur internet, elle est sur un r\u00e9seau priv\u00e9 et n\u2019a donc pas d\u2019adresse IP, est-il quand-m\u00eame possible de se connecter en SSH dessus ?<\/span><\/p>\n
Bien entendu !<\/span><\/p>\n
Une des techniques est d\u2019utiliser une instance relai, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement appel\u00e9e \u201cBastion\u201d. Cette derni\u00e8re doit \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e sur le m\u00eame VPC que le machine que l\u2019on souhaite atteindre, mais dans un subnet publique (configur\u00e9 avec une internet gateway), afin de pouvoir lui attribuer une IP publique.<\/span><\/p>\n
D\u2019une part, cr\u00e9ez votre bastion en suivant les \u00e9tapes d\u00e9crites ci-dessus.<\/span><\/p>\n
Une fois lanc\u00e9, t\u00e9l\u00e9chargez la cl\u00e9 SSH de votre instance priv\u00e9e, sur le bastion, en utilisant scp par exemple.<\/span><\/p>\n
D\u2019autre part, modifiez le security group de votre instance priv\u00e9e, en ouvrant le trafic entrant sur le port 22 au security group de l\u2019instance publique. En effet sur AWS, il est possible de configurer un autre security group en source, \u00e0 la place d\u2019une IP. Cela signifie que le security group \u201cpriv\u00e9e\u201d laissera passer les messages sur le port 22, en provenance des instances du security group \u201cpublique\u201d. Cela a pour avantage de pouvoir supprimer le bastion lorsque l\u2019on en a plus besoin, et lorsque l\u2019on en recr\u00e9e un nouveau, m\u00eame si l\u2019IP change, la connexion est toujours possible sans avoir besoin de tout reconfigurer.<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.e-xpertsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/06-EC2-Management-Console.png” title_text=”06-EC2-Management-Console” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|||||||” text_text_color=”#292929″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Vous pouvez maintenant vous connecter \u00e0 votre instance priv\u00e9e, en passant par le bastion. Cette technique est souvent utilis\u00e9e pour se connecter aux bases de donn\u00e9es, qui sont souvent h\u00e9berg\u00e9 sur des instances priv\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Ces informations sont correctes au moment de la r\u00e9daction de l’article, cependant, il est important de noter que les services AWS \u00e9voluent constamment. Il est possible que certaines fonctionnalit\u00e9s, noms, etc. soient diff\u00e9rents ou aient chang\u00e9 depuis lors.<\/em><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=”Post Navigation Bottom” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#F15D22″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_code admin_label=”Menu Button” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”top_center” vertical_offset=”34px” z_index=”1″ width=”35px” custom_css_main_element=”font-size: 35px;||z-index: 1;” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/i><\/a>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=”on” module_class=”tmp-post-navigation tmp-post-navigation-bottom” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#000000″ title_font_size=”18px” positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”center_center” width=”100%” global_colors_info=”{}” title_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” title_text_color__hover=”#F15D22″][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c9tape 1 : Cr\u00e9er une instance EC2 Pour cette m\u00e9thode, la premi\u00e8re chose \u00e0 faire consiste bien souvent \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer la paire de cl\u00e9s SSH qui va nous servir pour […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5398,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[221],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aws"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAWS Connexion \u00e0 une instance EC2 \u2013 Partie 1: Les Cl\u00e9s SSH|e-Xpert Solutions SA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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